BioWISE

Mechanisms of action of federal and state regulations and support instruments on the use of solid biomass in heat generation

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In Germany, more than half of final energy consumption is accounted for by heat. A heat transition towards a climate-neutral heat supply is therefore a key component of climate protection. With its revised Climate Protection Act, the German government has set ambitious climate targets that also apply to the building sector: by 2030, it must emit only 67 million tonnes of CO2, and by 2040, greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced by at least 88%. These targets can only be achieved through a combination of efficiency and renewable energies. Solid biomass (e.g. wood) is expected to make a significant contribution here, as its use is well established, cost-effective and applicable in many areas. However, the potential for sustainable biomass use in Germany is limited and tends to be needed in other sectors of the energy system as well. Nevertheless, the use of biomass in the heating sector is currently being encouraged through various instruments, such as regulatory law and support programmes. An additional pull effect is expected from the implementation of the 65% renewable energy heating requirement in the coalition agreement.

Against this background, the project is investigating how regulations can be adapted to reduce the demand for solid biomass in the heating sector and the associated negative environmental impacts. The first step is to take stock of the current situation regarding the use of solid biomass in heat generation. Based on this, instruments will be analysed in detail and proposals for adaptation/further development will be derived. The aim is to use solid biomass within the limits of available biomass potential and not beyond.