Weiterentwicklung der Energieeffizienzpolitiken zur Erreichung der Klimaschutzziele der Europäischen Union bis 2050.

Authors: Katja Dinges, Sonja Förster, Daniel Becker, Mandana Hazrat, Sarah Gül, Doris Johnson, Urda Eichhorst, Ulrich Jansen, Stefan Thomas, Lena Tholen, Carolin Schäfer-Sparenberg, Felix Suerkemper, Uta Weiß, Benjamin Schmolck, Leon Leuser, Martin Pehnt, Markus Duscha, Johannes Fehr, Alexander Woywode

Energy efficiency plays a key role in achieving the long-term climate protection targets of the Europe-an Union (EU). However, an appropriate political framework must be created at EU level. In addition, all EU Member States (MS) must individually adopt a consistent and ambitious policy and instru-ments package to strengthen energy efficiency in all sectors. The aim of this research work is to develop further options for energy efficiency policies at a Member State and EU level, in the context of the decarbonisation of the economy towards the European cli-mate protection targets by 2030 and 2050. The project covers the sectors of industry, households and transport and their supply of electricity, heat/cooling and fuels, including the possibility of coupling between the sectors mentioned. Geographically, the study focuses on the EU-28, considering the na-tional legal framework and the national policies and instruments in selected MS as well as the Euro-pean regulatory framework and the EU's energy efficiency policies.Initially, there were identified and elaborated 19 best practice examples of viable and transferable instruments for increasing energy efficiency in Member States. Two different European MS were then selected as examples to investigate the underlying transformation pathways and potentials in the sectors of private households (Poland and France), industry (Poland and Germany) and transport (Germany and Italy). Based on these studies, it was analysed which policies and instruments drive to an energy efficiency improvement, which ones have some deficits and which options would lead to a (further) development of the energy efficiency in the respective sector. Overall, the country studies show that there are key leverages for increasing energy efficiency in the individual sectors, particularly regulatory instruments; sectoral efficiency targets and strategies; financing and the taxation of fossil fuels adapted to the energy and CO2 content. However, a much more ambitious implementation of existing instruments as well as new instruments are necessary in all Member States under investigation to achieve the country-specific target scenarios described in the country studies. In a final step, there were made recommendations for the further development of EU policies at both levels, an overarching and individual sectors level. This includes, among others, binding targets, adjustment of energy taxes, mandatory implementation of energy efficiency obligation schemes, the development of a building strategy, the tightening of the requirements for energy audits for non-SMEs (EED) with an obligation to implement the identified savings measures, a compulsory consider-ation of the transport sector in Article 7 EED and the revision of the assessment base for fleet target values and energy labelling.